Tens
The tens multiplication facts are among the easiest to master in Grade 4 math: the multiples of 10 follow the pattern 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ... and every product ends in zero. Covered in Chapter 4 of Saxon Math Intermediate 4, the underlying rule is that multiplying any whole number by 10 appends a zero to the right. Because our number system is base-10, the tens facts are the backbone of mental estimation, unit conversion, and place value understanding at every level.
Key Concepts
Property The multiples of 10 follow a simple and predictable pattern that makes them very easy to remember and work with. The sequence of multiples is 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and so on. This pattern is one of the foundational concepts for understanding place value and larger number operations in mathematics going forward.
Example To find the product of $8 \times 10$, you just add a zero to the 8 to get 80. For a larger number like 11, the same rule applies: $11 \times 10$ becomes 110.
Expalantion Multiplying by ten is like giving a number a superpower that adds a zero at the end! Just take any whole number you are multiplying by ten and simply attach a zero to it. This straightforward trick works every single time, making it one of the easiest and most satisfying multiplication rules to apply.
Common Questions
What pattern do multiples of 10 follow?
Every multiple of 10 ends in zero: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120... The pattern repeats with each new decade.
What are the 10s multiplication facts?
10×1=10, 10×2=20, 10×3=30, 10×4=40, 10×5=50, 10×6=60, 10×7=70, 10×8=80, 10×9=90, 10×10=100, 10×11=110, 10×12=120.
Why do all multiples of 10 end in zero?
Multiplying by 10 shifts every digit one place to the left in the base-10 system, leaving the ones place empty—which is always written as 0.
When do Grade 4 students learn the tens facts?
The tens multiplication facts are covered in Chapter 4 of Saxon Math Intermediate 4 as one of the foundational fact families.
How do tens facts help with larger multiplication?
Understanding that 50 = 5 × 10 lets you use 5-facts to compute 50-facts: 50 × 6 = 5 × 6 × 10 = 30 × 10 = 300. Tens facts are the gateway to multiplying by multiples of 10.
What is a real-world use of the 10s multiplication facts?
Dimes are worth 10 cents each, so counting dimes uses the 10s table. Metric conversions (centimeters to millimeters, ×10) also rely on fluency with tens facts.