Jews Endure Foreign Rule
This Grade 6 history skill from History Alive! The Ancient World covers centuries of Jewish life under foreign rule. After the Babylonian Exile, the Jewish experience varied dramatically depending on which empire controlled their homeland. The Persian Empire showed tolerance, allowing Jews to return to Judah and rebuild the Second Temple in Jerusalem starting in 538 B.C.E. Later, some Greek rulers brought persecution, forcing Jews to abandon their beliefs — which triggered a rebellion. Roman conquest in 63 B.C.E. then set the stage for further conflict with Jewish communities.
Key Concepts
For centuries after the Babylonian Exile, the Jewish people lived under foreign rule . Their experience often depended on which empire was in charge.
The Persian Empire showed tolerance , allowing Jews to return to their homeland of Judah and rebuild the Second Temple in Jerusalem, starting in 538 B.C.E.
Common Questions
How did the Persian Empire treat Jews after the Babylonian Exile?
The Persian Empire showed religious tolerance toward Jews, allowing them to return to their homeland of Judah and rebuild the Second Temple in Jerusalem beginning in 538 B.C.E. under Cyrus the Great.
What persecution did Jews face under some Greek rulers?
Some Greek rulers (Seleucid rulers, particularly Antiochus IV) tried to force Jews to abandon their religious practices and adopt Greek culture. This persecution of Jewish religion and traditions led to the Maccabean Revolt.
When did Rome conquer Judah?
Rome conquered Judah in 63 B.C.E. under the Roman general Pompey. Roman rule set the stage for further conflict, eventually leading to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 C.E.
What was the Babylonian Exile?
The Babylonian Exile was the period when the Babylonian Empire conquered Jerusalem, destroyed the First Temple, and forced Jewish populations to live in Babylon (modern Iraq) beginning around 586 B.C.E.
Which chapter covers Jews under foreign rule in History Alive?
Chapter 2: Ancient Egypt and the Middle East in History Alive! The Ancient World covers how Jews endured foreign rule under Persian, Greek, and Roman empires.