Allies Trap the British at Yorktown
This Grade 5 history skill in IMPACT California Social Studies covers the Battle of Yorktown in 1781, the final major battle of the American Revolution where American and French forces trapped the British army and won the war. Students learn that the British were camped at Yorktown, Virginia, waiting for naval supplies. American and French soldiers surrounded them on land while the French navy blockaded the coast. Spy James Armistead provided critical intelligence. Surrounded on all sides, British General Cornwallis surrendered in October 1781, ending the last major fighting of the Revolution.
Key Concepts
In August 1781, American and French forces teamed up for a final push to win the war. The British army was camped at Yorktown, Virginia, waiting for supplies from the sea. This was a chance to trap the British and end the fighting.
American and French soldiers marched to surround the British on land. At the same time, the French navy blocked the coast so British ships could not escape or deliver help. Spies like James Armistead gave the Americans secret information about British plans.
Common Questions
What happened at the Battle of Yorktown?
At Yorktown, Virginia, in October 1781, American and French forces combined to trap the British army. American and French soldiers surrounded the British on land, while the French navy blocked the coast so British ships could not escape or deliver supplies. Surrounded, British General Cornwallis surrendered on October 19, 1781.
Why was Yorktown the last major battle?
The British defeat at Yorktown was so devastating that Britain lost the will to continue fighting. It showed the British public and government that victory was impossible against a united American-French force. Though some smaller actions continued, Yorktown effectively ended the military conflict.
Who was James Armistead and why was he important?
James Armistead was an enslaved African American who served as a spy for the Continental Army. He infiltrated British headquarters and gathered intelligence about British plans and troop movements, which helped the American commanders plan the trap at Yorktown.
How did the French navy contribute to the victory at Yorktown?
The French navy defeated the British fleet at the Battle of the Chesapeake in September 1781, preventing British ships from reaching Yorktown. This naval blockade was essential: without it, the British could have evacuated or resupplied their army, making the land siege far more difficult.
Who commanded the forces at Yorktown?
George Washington commanded the combined American and French land forces, assisted by French General Rochambeau. The French navy was commanded by Admiral de Grasse. British forces were under General Cornwallis, who ultimately surrendered his army when escape became impossible.
What did Cornwallis surrender signal to the world?
Cornwallis surrender signaled that Britain had lost the American Revolution. It demonstrated that a colonial army, with French assistance, could defeat one of the world most powerful military forces. This encouraged other colonies and peoples struggling against European empires.