Bubonic plague spread across Europe via trade routes between 1347 and 1351, killing one third of the population. This caused economic disruption, labor shortages, wage increases, and ultimately contributed to serfdom's decline.
Section 1
Black Death Transforms European Society
Bubonic plague spread across Europe via trade routes between 1347 and 1351, killing one-third of the population. This caused economic disruption, labor shortages, wage increases, and ultimately contributed to serfdom's decline.
Section 2
Church Power Diminishes During Great Schism
From 1378 to 1417, competing popes in Rome and Avignon divided Europe, undermining faith in Church leadership. This crisis, along with clerical corruption, led to reform movements and a decline in papal authority.
Section 3
New Weapons Revolutionize Medieval Warfare
During the Hundred Years' War, English longbows and French cannons replaced knights as decisive military forces. These innovations transformed warfare tactics as peasant foot soldiers, not noble cavalry, won the major battles.
Section 4
Kings Establish Strong Central Monarchies
In the 1400s, rulers in France, England, and Spain created "new monarchies" by establishing regular taxation systems, curbing noble power, and promoting religious unity to strengthen royal authority after decades of war and instability.
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Section 1
Black Death Transforms European Society
Bubonic plague spread across Europe via trade routes between 1347 and 1351, killing one-third of the population. This caused economic disruption, labor shortages, wage increases, and ultimately contributed to serfdom's decline.
Section 2
Church Power Diminishes During Great Schism
From 1378 to 1417, competing popes in Rome and Avignon divided Europe, undermining faith in Church leadership. This crisis, along with clerical corruption, led to reform movements and a decline in papal authority.
Section 3
New Weapons Revolutionize Medieval Warfare
During the Hundred Years' War, English longbows and French cannons replaced knights as decisive military forces. These innovations transformed warfare tactics as peasant foot soldiers, not noble cavalry, won the major battles.
Section 4
Kings Establish Strong Central Monarchies
In the 1400s, rulers in France, England, and Spain created "new monarchies" by establishing regular taxation systems, curbing noble power, and promoting religious unity to strengthen royal authority after decades of war and instability.
Book overview
Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.
Continue this chapter