Learn on PengiSaxon Math, Intermediate 4Chapter 2: Lessons 11–20, Investigation 2

Lesson 18: Temperature, Activity Measuring Temperature

In this Grade 4 Saxon Math lesson, students learn to read temperature scales on both Fahrenheit and Celsius thermometers by determining the value of tick marks and counting by twos to identify temperatures, including negative values. Students also practice calculating the difference between two temperatures and complete a week-long activity recording and comparing morning and afternoon outdoor temperatures. The lesson connects thermometer reading to number line concepts introduced in Chapter 2.

Section 1

📘 Temperature, Activity Measuring Temperature

New Concept

A scale is a type of number line often used for measuring.

What’s next

Next, you’ll apply this concept to read temperatures on both Fahrenheit and Celsius thermometers, including values below zero.

Section 2

Scale

Property

A scale is a type of number line often used for measuring. To read a scale, you must first determine the distance between the marks on the scale.

Examples

  • A Fahrenheit thermometer shows marks between 60°60° and 70°70°. If there are five spaces, each mark is two degrees. The third mark up from 60°60° is 66°66°F.
  • On a Celsius scale, the temperature is two marks below zero. If each mark is two degrees, the temperature is read as 4°-4°C.

Explanation

A scale is like a number line puzzle! To read it, first solve the mystery of what each tick mark represents. Are we jumping by ones or twos? Once you crack that code, you can find the exact measurement every time. It’s all about finding the pattern first!

Section 3

Difference in Temperature

Property

To find how many degrees warmer or cooler a temperature has become, calculate the difference by subtracting the starting temperature from the final temperature.

Examples

  • The morning temperature was 48°48°F and the afternoon was 62°62°F. The temperature became 62°F48°F=14°F62°\text{F} - 48°\text{F} = 14°\text{F} warmer.
  • A high of 21°21°C and a low of 13°13°C means a temperature difference of 21°C13°C=8°C21°\text{C} - 13°\text{C} = 8°\text{C}.

Explanation

How much did it heat up today? To find out, just subtract the chilly morning temperature from the warmer afternoon one! You can also think of it as counting up on the thermometer’s number line to see how many degrees the temperature jumped. It’s subtraction in action!

Section 4

Estimate Fahrenheit from Celsius

Property

To estimate the Fahrenheit temperature from Celsius, double the Celsius temperature and then add 30. The formula is F2C+30F \approx 2C + 30.

Examples

  • If the temperature is 15°15°C, we estimate the Fahrenheit temperature as (2×15)+30=30+30=60°(2 \times 15) + 30 = 30 + 30 = 60°F.
  • A hot day at 30°30°C is estimated in Fahrenheit as (2×30)+30=60+30=90°(2 \times 30) + 30 = 60 + 30 = 90°F.
  • Water freezes at 0°C, which is estimated as (2×0)+30=30°(2 \times 0) + 30 = 30°F, very close to the actual 32°32°F!

Explanation

Need a quick Fahrenheit conversion without a complex formula? Just take the Celsius degrees, multiply by two, and add thirty! It’s not perfectly precise, but it gives you a super fast and close estimate for what to wear. It’s a handy real-world math trick!

Book overview

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Chapter 2: Lessons 11–20, Investigation 2

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 11: Addition Word Problems with Missing Addends

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 12: Missing Numbers in Subtraction

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 13: Adding Three-Digit Numbers, Activity Adding Money

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 14: Subtracting Two-Digit and Three-Digit Numbers, Missing Two-Digit Addends

  5. Lesson 5

    Lesson 15: Subtracting Two-Digit Numbers with Regrouping, Activity Subtracting Money

  6. Lesson 6

    Lesson 16: Expanded Form, More on Missing Numbers in Subtraction

  7. Lesson 7

    Lesson 17: Adding Columns of Numbers with Regrouping

  8. Lesson 8Current

    Lesson 18: Temperature, Activity Measuring Temperature

  9. Lesson 9

    Lesson 19: Elapsed Time Problems, Activity Finding Elapsed Time

  10. Lesson 10

    Lesson 20: Rounding

  11. Lesson 11

    Investigation 2: Units of Length and Perimeter, Activity Estimating the Perimeter

Lesson overview

Expand to review the lesson summary and core properties.

Expand

Section 1

📘 Temperature, Activity Measuring Temperature

New Concept

A scale is a type of number line often used for measuring.

What’s next

Next, you’ll apply this concept to read temperatures on both Fahrenheit and Celsius thermometers, including values below zero.

Section 2

Scale

Property

A scale is a type of number line often used for measuring. To read a scale, you must first determine the distance between the marks on the scale.

Examples

  • A Fahrenheit thermometer shows marks between 60°60° and 70°70°. If there are five spaces, each mark is two degrees. The third mark up from 60°60° is 66°66°F.
  • On a Celsius scale, the temperature is two marks below zero. If each mark is two degrees, the temperature is read as 4°-4°C.

Explanation

A scale is like a number line puzzle! To read it, first solve the mystery of what each tick mark represents. Are we jumping by ones or twos? Once you crack that code, you can find the exact measurement every time. It’s all about finding the pattern first!

Section 3

Difference in Temperature

Property

To find how many degrees warmer or cooler a temperature has become, calculate the difference by subtracting the starting temperature from the final temperature.

Examples

  • The morning temperature was 48°48°F and the afternoon was 62°62°F. The temperature became 62°F48°F=14°F62°\text{F} - 48°\text{F} = 14°\text{F} warmer.
  • A high of 21°21°C and a low of 13°13°C means a temperature difference of 21°C13°C=8°C21°\text{C} - 13°\text{C} = 8°\text{C}.

Explanation

How much did it heat up today? To find out, just subtract the chilly morning temperature from the warmer afternoon one! You can also think of it as counting up on the thermometer’s number line to see how many degrees the temperature jumped. It’s subtraction in action!

Section 4

Estimate Fahrenheit from Celsius

Property

To estimate the Fahrenheit temperature from Celsius, double the Celsius temperature and then add 30. The formula is F2C+30F \approx 2C + 30.

Examples

  • If the temperature is 15°15°C, we estimate the Fahrenheit temperature as (2×15)+30=30+30=60°(2 \times 15) + 30 = 30 + 30 = 60°F.
  • A hot day at 30°30°C is estimated in Fahrenheit as (2×30)+30=60+30=90°(2 \times 30) + 30 = 60 + 30 = 90°F.
  • Water freezes at 0°C, which is estimated as (2×0)+30=30°(2 \times 0) + 30 = 30°F, very close to the actual 32°32°F!

Explanation

Need a quick Fahrenheit conversion without a complex formula? Just take the Celsius degrees, multiply by two, and add thirty! It’s not perfectly precise, but it gives you a super fast and close estimate for what to wear. It’s a handy real-world math trick!

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 2: Lessons 11–20, Investigation 2

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 11: Addition Word Problems with Missing Addends

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 12: Missing Numbers in Subtraction

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 13: Adding Three-Digit Numbers, Activity Adding Money

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 14: Subtracting Two-Digit and Three-Digit Numbers, Missing Two-Digit Addends

  5. Lesson 5

    Lesson 15: Subtracting Two-Digit Numbers with Regrouping, Activity Subtracting Money

  6. Lesson 6

    Lesson 16: Expanded Form, More on Missing Numbers in Subtraction

  7. Lesson 7

    Lesson 17: Adding Columns of Numbers with Regrouping

  8. Lesson 8Current

    Lesson 18: Temperature, Activity Measuring Temperature

  9. Lesson 9

    Lesson 19: Elapsed Time Problems, Activity Finding Elapsed Time

  10. Lesson 10

    Lesson 20: Rounding

  11. Lesson 11

    Investigation 2: Units of Length and Perimeter, Activity Estimating the Perimeter