Learn on PengiElements of Language, 5th CourseChapter 2: The Parts of a Sentence: Subjects, Predicates, Complements

Lesson 1: The Subject

In this Grade 8 grammar lesson from Elements of Language, 5th Course, students learn to identify and distinguish between simple subjects and complete subjects in sentences, including how to avoid confusing subjects with nouns inside prepositional phrases. The lesson also covers compound subjects, where two or more subjects share the same verb and are joined by conjunctions such as and, or, and neither...nor. Practice exercises reinforce these skills by having students locate and underline subjects in a variety of sentence structures.

Section 1

Simple Subject and Complete Subject

Definition

The simple subject is the main word or word group that tells whom or what the sentence is about. The complete subject consists of the simple subject and any words or word groups used to modify the simple subject.

Explanation

Think of the simple subject as the core noun or pronoun of the sentence, while the complete subject includes that core word plus all of its descriptive modifiers. A crucial tip is that the subject is never located within a prepositional phrase. To easily find the subject, mentally cross out any prepositional phrases.

Examples

  • The author of the book signed autographs for hours. [The complete subject is The author of the book, but the simple subject is author.]
  • Some ~~of the cookies~~ were decorated with sprinkles. [The simple subject is Some, not cookies, because of the cookies is a prepositional phrase.]
  • Dr. Evans performed the surgery. [Dr. Evans is both the simple subject and the complete subject.]

Section 2

Compound Subject

Definition

A compound subject consists of two or more subjects that are joined by a conjunction and that have the same verb.

Explanation

A compound subject is like having co-stars in your sentence! It links two or more subjects that perform the exact same action. These subjects are connected by conjunctions, most commonly and, or, or the pair neither . . . nor. Using compound subjects helps make writing more efficient and engaging.

Examples

  • Both the dog and the cat napped in the sun. [Dog and cat form the compound subject, sharing the verb napped.]
  • Neither my brother nor my cousins know how to ski. [Brother and cousins are the parts of the compound subject, joined by Neither . . . nor.]
  • Will the principal or the teacher make the announcement? [Principal and teacher create the compound subject, sharing the verb make.]

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 2: The Parts of a Sentence: Subjects, Predicates, Complements

  1. Lesson 1Current

    Lesson 1: The Subject

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 2: The Predicate

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: The Direct Object, Indirect Object, and Objective Complement

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 4: The Predicate Nominative and Predicate Adjective

  5. Lesson 5

    Lesson 5: Classifying Sentences by Purpose

Lesson overview

Expand to review the lesson summary and core properties.

Expand

Section 1

Simple Subject and Complete Subject

Definition

The simple subject is the main word or word group that tells whom or what the sentence is about. The complete subject consists of the simple subject and any words or word groups used to modify the simple subject.

Explanation

Think of the simple subject as the core noun or pronoun of the sentence, while the complete subject includes that core word plus all of its descriptive modifiers. A crucial tip is that the subject is never located within a prepositional phrase. To easily find the subject, mentally cross out any prepositional phrases.

Examples

  • The author of the book signed autographs for hours. [The complete subject is The author of the book, but the simple subject is author.]
  • Some ~~of the cookies~~ were decorated with sprinkles. [The simple subject is Some, not cookies, because of the cookies is a prepositional phrase.]
  • Dr. Evans performed the surgery. [Dr. Evans is both the simple subject and the complete subject.]

Section 2

Compound Subject

Definition

A compound subject consists of two or more subjects that are joined by a conjunction and that have the same verb.

Explanation

A compound subject is like having co-stars in your sentence! It links two or more subjects that perform the exact same action. These subjects are connected by conjunctions, most commonly and, or, or the pair neither . . . nor. Using compound subjects helps make writing more efficient and engaging.

Examples

  • Both the dog and the cat napped in the sun. [Dog and cat form the compound subject, sharing the verb napped.]
  • Neither my brother nor my cousins know how to ski. [Brother and cousins are the parts of the compound subject, joined by Neither . . . nor.]
  • Will the principal or the teacher make the announcement? [Principal and teacher create the compound subject, sharing the verb make.]

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 2: The Parts of a Sentence: Subjects, Predicates, Complements

  1. Lesson 1Current

    Lesson 1: The Subject

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 2: The Predicate

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: The Direct Object, Indirect Object, and Objective Complement

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 4: The Predicate Nominative and Predicate Adjective

  5. Lesson 5

    Lesson 5: Classifying Sentences by Purpose