1. What was the main reason the Greek city-states had to rely on clever strategies and their knowledge of the land during the Persian Wars?
- A. Their soldiers refused to fight in open fields.
- B. The Persian army was much larger and had more soldiers.
- C. They did not have enough ships for a naval battle.
- D. The Persian leaders were known for being poor strategists.
2. In the narrow strait of Salamis, why were the smaller Greek ships more effective than the larger Persian vessels?
- A. They were built from stronger wood.
- B. They could turn and move more quickly.
- C. They carried more soldiers than the Persian ships.
- D. They were equipped with long-range catapults.
3. At the Battle of Marathon, what advantage did the Greek soldiers' heavy bronze armor and long spears provide over the Persian forces?
- A. It allowed them to move faster than the Persians.
- B. It gave them better protection and reach in close combat.
- C. It was designed for fighting on ships.
- D. It was lighter and easier to carry for long marches.
4. The Greek victory at the Battle of Salamis was largely due to the use of a narrow sea channel. What was the main disadvantage of this channel for the Persian fleet?
- A. The water was too shallow for their large ships.
- B. The Greeks had blocked the exit with chains.
- C. Their large numbers became a weakness as ships could not move freely.
- D. Their navigators were unfamiliar with the local tides in the channel.
5. Which statement best describes the successful Greek strategy at the Battle of Marathon?
- A. They ambushed the Persians from a hidden mountain pass.
- B. They pretended to retreat to lead the Persians into a trap.
- C. They strengthened their flanks to encircle and overwhelm the Persians.
- D. They used their navy to attack the Persians from the sea.
6. What was a major financial problem for the Persian Empire after the Persian Wars that caused its people to become upset?
- A. The government raised taxes significantly to cover war costs.
- B. Trade routes were permanently closed by the Greeks.
- C. The empire ran out of gold to make coins.
- D. Allied city-states refused to pay for protection.
7. Besides the cost of war, what other internal issue contributed to the weakening of the Persian government?
- A. A series of natural disasters destroyed farmland.
- B. Constant struggles and plots over who would be king.
- C. The army refused to fight for the kings.
- D. A new religion divided the population.
8. Which leader took advantage of Persia's weakened state to conquer its empire in the 300s B.C.E.?
- A. Cyrus the Great
- B. King Leonidas of Sparta
- C. Alexander the Great
- D. Themistocles of Athens
9. The combination of heavy taxation and fights for the throne within the Persian Empire directly led to which outcome?
- A. A much weaker government and military.
- B. An alliance with the Greek city-states.
- C. A period of great economic prosperity.
- D. The rapid expansion of its borders.
10. Which statement best summarizes why the Persian Empire eventually fell?
- A. It was conquered by a surprise naval attack from Egypt.
- B. A slave rebellion successfully overthrew the monarchy.
- C. The empire became too large to manage its trade routes.
- D. Internal weakness made it an easy target for invasion.