Learn on PengiWorld History and GeographyChapter 27: World War I and the Russian Revolution, 1914–1919

Lesson 4: World War I Ends

In this Grade 5 World History and Geography lesson, students learn how World War I came to an end in November 1918, examining Germany's failed final offensive at the Second Battle of the Marne, the armistice that halted fighting, and the revolutionary upheaval that followed in Germany and Austria-Hungary. The lesson introduces key vocabulary including armistice, reparation, and mandate, while guiding students to analyze the national interests each major power brought to the Paris Peace Conference.

Section 1

Germany Makes Final Military Gamble and Loses

After Russia withdrew from the war, Germany concentrated on the Western Front with a grand offensive in March 1918, but Allied forces stopped the advance at the Second Battle of the Marne.

Section 2

Leaders Draft Treaty of Versailles to Reshape Europe

The Big Three—Wilson, Clemenceau, and Lloyd George—created peace settlements that redrew national boundaries, established the League of Nations, and imposed harsh penalties on Germany for starting the war.

Section 3

War Transforms Society and Government Power

World War I shattered Europe's rational society, killing nearly 10 million people. As a total war requiring complete mobilization of resources, it increased government authority and limited individual freedoms.

Section 4

New Nations Emerge from Collapsed Empires

The war's aftermath saw the German, Russian, and Austro-Hungarian empires lose territory as new nation-states formed: Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, and Yugoslavia.

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Chapter 27: World War I and the Russian Revolution, 1914–1919

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: World War I Begins

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 2: World War I

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: The Russian Revolution

  4. Lesson 4Current

    Lesson 4: World War I Ends

Lesson overview

Expand to review the lesson summary and core properties.

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Section 1

Germany Makes Final Military Gamble and Loses

After Russia withdrew from the war, Germany concentrated on the Western Front with a grand offensive in March 1918, but Allied forces stopped the advance at the Second Battle of the Marne.

Section 2

Leaders Draft Treaty of Versailles to Reshape Europe

The Big Three—Wilson, Clemenceau, and Lloyd George—created peace settlements that redrew national boundaries, established the League of Nations, and imposed harsh penalties on Germany for starting the war.

Section 3

War Transforms Society and Government Power

World War I shattered Europe's rational society, killing nearly 10 million people. As a total war requiring complete mobilization of resources, it increased government authority and limited individual freedoms.

Section 4

New Nations Emerge from Collapsed Empires

The war's aftermath saw the German, Russian, and Austro-Hungarian empires lose territory as new nation-states formed: Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, and Yugoslavia.

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 27: World War I and the Russian Revolution, 1914–1919

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: World War I Begins

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 2: World War I

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: The Russian Revolution

  4. Lesson 4Current

    Lesson 4: World War I Ends