Learn on PengiLife Science (Grade 7)Chapter 12: Invertebrate Animals

Lesson 4: Arthropods have exoskeletons and joints.

Exoskeletons provide armor like protection and prevent water loss in arthropods. These external coverings have joints for movement but must be molted as the animal grows, leaving them temporarily vulnerable.

Section 1

Arthropods Protect Bodies with Exoskeletons

Exoskeletons provide armor-like protection and prevent water loss in arthropods. These external coverings have joints for movement but must be molted as the animal grows, leaving them temporarily vulnerable.

Section 2

Insects Transform Through Metamorphosis

Many insects undergo complete metamorphosis with three distinct stages: larva (eating phase), pupa (protected development), and adult (reproductive phase). Others experience simple metamorphosis, maintaining similar forms throughout development.

Section 3

Spiders Capture Prey with Silk Webs

Spiders spin incredibly strong silk from spinnerets on their abdomen to create nearly invisible webs. This unique adaptation allows these eight-legged arachnids to trap prey without actively hunting.

Section 4

Arthropods Develop Complex Body Systems

Arthropods possess well-developed nervous systems with brains, digestive systems with stomachs, and open circulatory systems where hearts pump blood directly into body cavities without vessels.

Section 5

Invertebrates Adapt to Diverse Environments

Invertebrates, animals without backbones, have evolved various body plans and adaptations. Arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids) represent the most abundant and diverse group, living in almost every habitat.

Book overview

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Chapter 12: Invertebrate Animals

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: Most animals are invertebrates.

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 2: Cnidarians and worms have different body plans.

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Most mollusks have shells and echinoderms have spiny skeletons.

  4. Lesson 4Current

    Lesson 4: Arthropods have exoskeletons and joints.

Lesson overview

Expand to review the lesson summary and core properties.

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Section 1

Arthropods Protect Bodies with Exoskeletons

Exoskeletons provide armor-like protection and prevent water loss in arthropods. These external coverings have joints for movement but must be molted as the animal grows, leaving them temporarily vulnerable.

Section 2

Insects Transform Through Metamorphosis

Many insects undergo complete metamorphosis with three distinct stages: larva (eating phase), pupa (protected development), and adult (reproductive phase). Others experience simple metamorphosis, maintaining similar forms throughout development.

Section 3

Spiders Capture Prey with Silk Webs

Spiders spin incredibly strong silk from spinnerets on their abdomen to create nearly invisible webs. This unique adaptation allows these eight-legged arachnids to trap prey without actively hunting.

Section 4

Arthropods Develop Complex Body Systems

Arthropods possess well-developed nervous systems with brains, digestive systems with stomachs, and open circulatory systems where hearts pump blood directly into body cavities without vessels.

Section 5

Invertebrates Adapt to Diverse Environments

Invertebrates, animals without backbones, have evolved various body plans and adaptations. Arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids) represent the most abundant and diverse group, living in almost every habitat.

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 12: Invertebrate Animals

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: Most animals are invertebrates.

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 2: Cnidarians and worms have different body plans.

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Most mollusks have shells and echinoderms have spiny skeletons.

  4. Lesson 4Current

    Lesson 4: Arthropods have exoskeletons and joints.