Learn on PengiLife Science (Grade 7)Chapter 15: Interactions Within Ecosystems

Lesson 3: Ecosystems are always changing.

Grade 7 Life Science students explore how ecosystems change over time by examining the factors that affect population growth and decline, including birth rate, predator-prey relationships, and limiting factors such as food, water, and nutrients. The lesson uses real-world examples like the moose and wolf populations at Isle Royale National Park to illustrate how biotic and abiotic factors create shifts within biological communities. Students also investigate ecological succession and how pioneer species help establish new biological communities.

Section 1

Limiting Factors Control Population Growth

Specific conditions like predation, food availability, and competition restrict how large populations can grow in ecosystems, maintaining balance and preventing any single species from dominating.

Section 2

Ecosystems Reach Carrying Capacity

When resources like food, water, and space become limited, populations stabilize at their maximum sustainable size, creating a natural balance between organisms and their environment.

Section 3

Pioneer Species Transform Barren Landscapes

First organisms to colonize disturbed areas, like moss on bare rock, create soil and conditions that allow other plants and animals to gradually establish, beginning the succession process.

Section 4

Ecosystems Rebuild Through Succession

After disturbances like fires or floods, communities gradually change as species replace each other, starting with hardy pioneers and progressing to diverse, stable ecosystems over time.

Section 5

Species Form Beneficial or Harmful Relationships

Organisms interact through mutualism (both benefit), commensalism (one benefits, other unaffected), or parasitism (one benefits, other harmed), creating complex webs of relationships within ecosystems.

Book overview

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Chapter 15: Interactions Within Ecosystems

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: Groups of living things interact within ecosystems.

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 2: Organisms can interact in different ways.

  3. Lesson 3Current

    Lesson 3: Ecosystems are always changing.

Lesson overview

Expand to review the lesson summary and core properties.

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Section 1

Limiting Factors Control Population Growth

Specific conditions like predation, food availability, and competition restrict how large populations can grow in ecosystems, maintaining balance and preventing any single species from dominating.

Section 2

Ecosystems Reach Carrying Capacity

When resources like food, water, and space become limited, populations stabilize at their maximum sustainable size, creating a natural balance between organisms and their environment.

Section 3

Pioneer Species Transform Barren Landscapes

First organisms to colonize disturbed areas, like moss on bare rock, create soil and conditions that allow other plants and animals to gradually establish, beginning the succession process.

Section 4

Ecosystems Rebuild Through Succession

After disturbances like fires or floods, communities gradually change as species replace each other, starting with hardy pioneers and progressing to diverse, stable ecosystems over time.

Section 5

Species Form Beneficial or Harmful Relationships

Organisms interact through mutualism (both benefit), commensalism (one benefits, other unaffected), or parasitism (one benefits, other harmed), creating complex webs of relationships within ecosystems.

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 15: Interactions Within Ecosystems

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: Groups of living things interact within ecosystems.

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 2: Organisms can interact in different ways.

  3. Lesson 3Current

    Lesson 3: Ecosystems are always changing.