Learn on PengiEarth Science (Grade 6)Chapter 20: Earth, Moon, and Sun

Lesson 2: The Moon is Earth's natural satellite.

The Moon rotates once on its axis during each 27.3 day orbit around Earth, causing the same side to always face our planet, creating the familiar near side we observe.

Section 1

Moon Rotates While Orbiting Earth

The Moon rotates once on its axis during each 27.3-day orbit around Earth, causing the same side to always face our planet, creating the familiar near side we observe.

Section 2

Impact Craters and Lava Form Lunar Features

The Moon's surface features formed when space objects created impact craters. Large craters later filled with lava, creating dark maria on the near side, while light-colored highlands remained at higher elevations.

Section 3

Scientists Analyze Moon's Interior Layers

The Moon has three layers: a 70-kilometer crust of less dense rock, a thick mantle containing iron and magnesium, and a small 700-kilometer metal core, similar to Earth's structure but in different proportions.

Section 4

Collision Theory Explains Moon's Formation

Scientists believe the Moon formed when an early Earth collided with a smaller space body. Material from both bodies' crusts and mantles was ejected into orbit, eventually clumping together to form the Moon.

Section 5

Sunlight Patterns Create Seasonal Changes

The angle of the Sun and hours of daylight change throughout the year, reaching maximum values during summer. These combined factors deliver more energy to Earth's surface, creating warmer temperatures.

Book overview

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Chapter 20: Earth, Moon, and Sun

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: Earth rotates on a tilted axis and orbits the Sun.

  2. Lesson 2Current

    Lesson 2: The Moon is Earth's natural satellite.

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Positions of the Sun and Moon affect Earth.

Lesson overview

Expand to review the lesson summary and core properties.

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Section 1

Moon Rotates While Orbiting Earth

The Moon rotates once on its axis during each 27.3-day orbit around Earth, causing the same side to always face our planet, creating the familiar near side we observe.

Section 2

Impact Craters and Lava Form Lunar Features

The Moon's surface features formed when space objects created impact craters. Large craters later filled with lava, creating dark maria on the near side, while light-colored highlands remained at higher elevations.

Section 3

Scientists Analyze Moon's Interior Layers

The Moon has three layers: a 70-kilometer crust of less dense rock, a thick mantle containing iron and magnesium, and a small 700-kilometer metal core, similar to Earth's structure but in different proportions.

Section 4

Collision Theory Explains Moon's Formation

Scientists believe the Moon formed when an early Earth collided with a smaller space body. Material from both bodies' crusts and mantles was ejected into orbit, eventually clumping together to form the Moon.

Section 5

Sunlight Patterns Create Seasonal Changes

The angle of the Sun and hours of daylight change throughout the year, reaching maximum values during summer. These combined factors deliver more energy to Earth's surface, creating warmer temperatures.

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 20: Earth, Moon, and Sun

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: Earth rotates on a tilted axis and orbits the Sun.

  2. Lesson 2Current

    Lesson 2: The Moon is Earth's natural satellite.

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Positions of the Sun and Moon affect Earth.