Learn on PengiDiscovering Our Past: a History of the WorldChapter 12: Roman Civilization

Lesson 2: Rome's Decline

In this Grade 4 lesson from Discovering Our Past: a History of the World, students explore the causes of Rome's decline, including political confusion, economic weaknesses such as inflation and barter, and invasions by Germanic tribes and Persian armies. Students also examine the reforms introduced by Emperor Diocletian, such as dividing the empire and setting maximum prices, and why these efforts ultimately failed. The lesson connects to the essential question of why civilizations rise and fall, helping students understand the complex forces that ended the Pax Romana.

Section 1

Roman Politics Crumbles Under Corruption

After Marcus Aurelius's death, Rome faced political instability with 22 emperors in 50 years. Government weakened while the military gained power, leading to civil wars and declining social values.

Section 2

Economic Crisis Devastates Roman Society

Raids disrupted trade and farming, causing food shortages and price increases. The government produced coins with less precious metals, leading to inflation where money lost value and people turned to bartering.

Section 3

Germanic Tribes Topple Western Roman Empire

Germanic peoples fleeing the Huns invaded Roman territories. In 476 CE, the Germanic general Odoacer overthrew the last western emperor, marking the end of the Western Roman Empire.

Section 4

Romans Build Lasting Cultural Foundations

Roman contributions continue to influence modern society through legal principles, republican government, Latin-derived languages, architectural designs like domes and arches, and the spread of Christianity.

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 12: Roman Civilization

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: The Roman Way of Life

  2. Lesson 2Current

    Lesson 2: Rome's Decline

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: The Byzantine Empire

Lesson overview

Expand to review the lesson summary and core properties.

Expand

Section 1

Roman Politics Crumbles Under Corruption

After Marcus Aurelius's death, Rome faced political instability with 22 emperors in 50 years. Government weakened while the military gained power, leading to civil wars and declining social values.

Section 2

Economic Crisis Devastates Roman Society

Raids disrupted trade and farming, causing food shortages and price increases. The government produced coins with less precious metals, leading to inflation where money lost value and people turned to bartering.

Section 3

Germanic Tribes Topple Western Roman Empire

Germanic peoples fleeing the Huns invaded Roman territories. In 476 CE, the Germanic general Odoacer overthrew the last western emperor, marking the end of the Western Roman Empire.

Section 4

Romans Build Lasting Cultural Foundations

Roman contributions continue to influence modern society through legal principles, republican government, Latin-derived languages, architectural designs like domes and arches, and the spread of Christianity.

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 12: Roman Civilization

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: The Roman Way of Life

  2. Lesson 2Current

    Lesson 2: Rome's Decline

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: The Byzantine Empire