Learn on PengiSaxon Math, Intermediate 4Chapter 1: Lessons 1–10, Investigation 1

Lesson 2: Missing Addends

In this Grade 4 lesson from Saxon Math Intermediate 4, students learn to identify and solve for missing addends in addition equations using variables such as n, b, and t. They practice writing equations like 5 + 3 + t = 12 and finding unknown values by adding the known addends and determining what number completes the sum. The lesson also introduces the definition of an equation and applies missing addend concepts to multi-addend problems and real-world word problems.

Section 1

📘 Missing Addends

New Concept

An equation is a number sentence that uses the symbol = to show that two quantities are equal.

What’s next

Next, you will find the missing number, or addend, in various equations to solve them.

Section 2

What is an Equation?

Property

An equation is a number sentence that uses the = symbol to show that two quantities are equal. For example: 5+2=75 + 2 = 7 and 6+n=86 + n = 8.

Examples

8+4=128 + 4 = 12 is an equation because both sides equal 12.
9+x=159 + x = 15 is an equation with a mystery number to find.
7+37 + 3 is not an equation; it's an expression with no balance.

Explanation

Think of the equals sign as a perfectly balanced scale! An equation means both sides have the exact same value. If one side is heavier or lighter, like in the statement 4>64 > 6, it is not an equation. It’s all about keeping things perfectly equal and fair on both sides.

Section 3

Finding the Missing Addend

Property

To find a missing addend in an equation like 5+3+t=125 + 3 + t = 12, first combine the numbers you know.

Examples

For 8+a+2=178 + a + 2 = 17, first add 8+2=108+2=10. The equation becomes 10+a=1710 + a = 17, so a=7a=7.
In b+6+5=12b + 6 + 5 = 12, combine 6+5=116+5=11. Now it's b+11=12b + 11 = 12, so b=1b=1.

Explanation

Become a number detective on the hunt for a missing piece! First, add up all the clues you have (the known numbers). Then, figure out what single number you need to add to your total to solve the mystery and make the equation true. It’s a classic case of finding what's missing!

Section 4

Solving for a Missing Piece

Property

In an equation with multiple known addends, combine them first to simplify the problem before finding the missing value.

Examples

Given 4+c+2+3+5=204 + c + 2 + 3 + 5 = 20, combine 4+2+3+5=144+2+3+5=14. Now it's 14+c=2014+c=20, so c=6c=6.
For 5+5+6+4+x=235 + 5 + 6 + 4 + x = 23, add 5+5+6+4=205+5+6+4=20. This simplifies to 20+x=2320+x=23, so x=3x=3.

Explanation

Don't get overwhelmed by a long list of numbers! Just group all the known numbers together and add them up into one tidy sum. This neat trick turns a messy-looking equation into a simple one with just two parts, making it super easy to spot the missing piece and solve the puzzle.

Book overview

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Continue this chapter

Chapter 1: Lessons 1–10, Investigation 1

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: Review of Addition

  2. Lesson 2Current

    Lesson 2: Missing Addends

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Sequences

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 4: Place Value, Activity Comparing Money Amounts

  5. Lesson 5

    Lesson 5: Ordinal Numbers, Months of the Year

  6. Lesson 6

    Lesson 6: Review of Subtraction

  7. Lesson 7

    Lesson 7: Writing Numbers Through 999

  8. Lesson 8

    Lesson 8: Adding Money

  9. Lesson 9

    Lesson 9: Adding with Regrouping

  10. Lesson 10

    Lesson 10: Even and Odd Numbers

  11. Lesson 11

    Lesson 11: Investigation 1 Number Lines, Activity Drawing Number Lines

Lesson overview

Expand to review the lesson summary and core properties.

Expand

Section 1

📘 Missing Addends

New Concept

An equation is a number sentence that uses the symbol = to show that two quantities are equal.

What’s next

Next, you will find the missing number, or addend, in various equations to solve them.

Section 2

What is an Equation?

Property

An equation is a number sentence that uses the = symbol to show that two quantities are equal. For example: 5+2=75 + 2 = 7 and 6+n=86 + n = 8.

Examples

8+4=128 + 4 = 12 is an equation because both sides equal 12.
9+x=159 + x = 15 is an equation with a mystery number to find.
7+37 + 3 is not an equation; it's an expression with no balance.

Explanation

Think of the equals sign as a perfectly balanced scale! An equation means both sides have the exact same value. If one side is heavier or lighter, like in the statement 4>64 > 6, it is not an equation. It’s all about keeping things perfectly equal and fair on both sides.

Section 3

Finding the Missing Addend

Property

To find a missing addend in an equation like 5+3+t=125 + 3 + t = 12, first combine the numbers you know.

Examples

For 8+a+2=178 + a + 2 = 17, first add 8+2=108+2=10. The equation becomes 10+a=1710 + a = 17, so a=7a=7.
In b+6+5=12b + 6 + 5 = 12, combine 6+5=116+5=11. Now it's b+11=12b + 11 = 12, so b=1b=1.

Explanation

Become a number detective on the hunt for a missing piece! First, add up all the clues you have (the known numbers). Then, figure out what single number you need to add to your total to solve the mystery and make the equation true. It’s a classic case of finding what's missing!

Section 4

Solving for a Missing Piece

Property

In an equation with multiple known addends, combine them first to simplify the problem before finding the missing value.

Examples

Given 4+c+2+3+5=204 + c + 2 + 3 + 5 = 20, combine 4+2+3+5=144+2+3+5=14. Now it's 14+c=2014+c=20, so c=6c=6.
For 5+5+6+4+x=235 + 5 + 6 + 4 + x = 23, add 5+5+6+4=205+5+6+4=20. This simplifies to 20+x=2320+x=23, so x=3x=3.

Explanation

Don't get overwhelmed by a long list of numbers! Just group all the known numbers together and add them up into one tidy sum. This neat trick turns a messy-looking equation into a simple one with just two parts, making it super easy to spot the missing piece and solve the puzzle.

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 1: Lessons 1–10, Investigation 1

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: Review of Addition

  2. Lesson 2Current

    Lesson 2: Missing Addends

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Sequences

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 4: Place Value, Activity Comparing Money Amounts

  5. Lesson 5

    Lesson 5: Ordinal Numbers, Months of the Year

  6. Lesson 6

    Lesson 6: Review of Subtraction

  7. Lesson 7

    Lesson 7: Writing Numbers Through 999

  8. Lesson 8

    Lesson 8: Adding Money

  9. Lesson 9

    Lesson 9: Adding with Regrouping

  10. Lesson 10

    Lesson 10: Even and Odd Numbers

  11. Lesson 11

    Lesson 11: Investigation 1 Number Lines, Activity Drawing Number Lines