Learn on PengiEarth Science (Grade 6)Chapter 1: Views of Earth Today

Lesson 2: Maps and globes are models of Earth.

In this Grade 6 Earth Science lesson from Chapter 1, students learn how maps and globes serve as models of Earth's surface, exploring key concepts such as relief maps, map scale, map legends, latitude, longitude, and map projection. Students discover how to find exact locations on Earth using the equator, prime meridian, and coordinate systems, and why all flat maps distort Earth's curved surface. The lesson also examines the differences between maps and globes in representing natural and human-made features.

Section 1

Maps Track Earth's Features from Above

Maps show Earth's land features and human-made elements as viewed from above, while globes represent Earth from space. Relief maps display elevations of mountains, plains, and plateaus.

Section 2

Latitude and Longitude Pinpoint Exact Locations

Latitude measures distance in degrees north or south of the equator (0°), while longitude measures degrees east or west of the prime meridian (0°). Together, they create coordinates for any location.

Section 3

Map Projections Transform Curved Earth onto Flat Surfaces

Mercator, conic, and planar projections each represent Earth's spherical surface on flat maps. Every projection type accurately shows certain regions while distorting others in size and shape.

  • Mercator projection: Maintains straight lines of latitude and longitude, making it excellent for navigation and direction, especially at sea. However, it greatly distorts the size of landmasses near the poles, making areas like Greenland appear much larger than they actually are.
  • Conic projection: Best suited for mapping mid-latitude regions like the United States. It balances shape and area but is not ideal for world maps.
  • Planar (Azimuthal) projection: Projects the globe onto a flat plane from a single point. It’s often used for mapping polar regions and is best for showing accurate directions from the center point outward.

Section 4

Contour Lines Reveal Land Shapes and Elevations

Topographic maps use contour lines connecting points of equal elevation to show three-dimensional features like mountains and valleys on two-dimensional surfaces, helping people visualize terrain changes.

Section 5

GPS Satellites Calculate Positions Anywhere on Earth

The Global Positioning System uses 24 satellites to determine a receiver's exact latitude, longitude, and elevation. Pilots, hikers, and drivers rely on GPS technology to navigate precisely.

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

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Chapter 1: Views of Earth Today

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: Technology is used to explore the Earth system.

  2. Lesson 2Current

    Lesson 2: Maps and globes are models of Earth.

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Topographic maps show the shape of the land.

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 4: Technology is used to map Earth.

Lesson overview

Expand to review the lesson summary and core properties.

Expand

Section 1

Maps Track Earth's Features from Above

Maps show Earth's land features and human-made elements as viewed from above, while globes represent Earth from space. Relief maps display elevations of mountains, plains, and plateaus.

Section 2

Latitude and Longitude Pinpoint Exact Locations

Latitude measures distance in degrees north or south of the equator (0°), while longitude measures degrees east or west of the prime meridian (0°). Together, they create coordinates for any location.

Section 3

Map Projections Transform Curved Earth onto Flat Surfaces

Mercator, conic, and planar projections each represent Earth's spherical surface on flat maps. Every projection type accurately shows certain regions while distorting others in size and shape.

  • Mercator projection: Maintains straight lines of latitude and longitude, making it excellent for navigation and direction, especially at sea. However, it greatly distorts the size of landmasses near the poles, making areas like Greenland appear much larger than they actually are.
  • Conic projection: Best suited for mapping mid-latitude regions like the United States. It balances shape and area but is not ideal for world maps.
  • Planar (Azimuthal) projection: Projects the globe onto a flat plane from a single point. It’s often used for mapping polar regions and is best for showing accurate directions from the center point outward.

Section 4

Contour Lines Reveal Land Shapes and Elevations

Topographic maps use contour lines connecting points of equal elevation to show three-dimensional features like mountains and valleys on two-dimensional surfaces, helping people visualize terrain changes.

Section 5

GPS Satellites Calculate Positions Anywhere on Earth

The Global Positioning System uses 24 satellites to determine a receiver's exact latitude, longitude, and elevation. Pilots, hikers, and drivers rely on GPS technology to navigate precisely.

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 1: Views of Earth Today

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: Technology is used to explore the Earth system.

  2. Lesson 2Current

    Lesson 2: Maps and globes are models of Earth.

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Topographic maps show the shape of the land.

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 4: Technology is used to map Earth.