Learn on PengiAoPS: Introduction to Algebra (AMC 8 & 10)Chapter 12: Complex Numbers

Lesson 12.2: Imaginary Numbers

In this Grade 4 AMC Math lesson from AoPS: Introduction to Algebra, students explore imaginary numbers by learning how the unit imaginary number i is defined through the equation i² = -1. Students practice evaluating expressions like (3i)² and (ai)², solve equations such as x² = -16 by expressing solutions in the form ±bi, and discover the repeating four-cycle pattern of powers of i. The lesson builds foundational understanding of imaginary numbers as distinct from real numbers on the number line.

Section 1

Definition of Imaginary Unit i

Property

Imaginary Unit:

i=1i = \sqrt{-1} or i2=1i^2 = -1

Section 2

Square Root of Negative Numbers

Property

The imaginary unit ii is the number whose square is 1-1.

i2=1ori=1i^2 = -1 \quad \text{or} \quad i = \sqrt{-1}

Square Root of a Negative Number

Section 3

Squaring Imaginary Numbers

Property

To square an imaginary number of the form aiai, use: (ai)2=a2i2=a2(1)=a2(ai)^2 = a^2i^2 = a^2(-1) = -a^2

Examples

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 12: Complex Numbers

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 12.1: Numbers, Numbers, and More Numbers!

  2. Lesson 2Current

    Lesson 12.2: Imaginary Numbers

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 12.3: Complex Numbers

Lesson overview

Expand to review the lesson summary and core properties.

Expand

Section 1

Definition of Imaginary Unit i

Property

Imaginary Unit:

i=1i = \sqrt{-1} or i2=1i^2 = -1

Section 2

Square Root of Negative Numbers

Property

The imaginary unit ii is the number whose square is 1-1.

i2=1ori=1i^2 = -1 \quad \text{or} \quad i = \sqrt{-1}

Square Root of a Negative Number

Section 3

Squaring Imaginary Numbers

Property

To square an imaginary number of the form aiai, use: (ai)2=a2i2=a2(1)=a2(ai)^2 = a^2i^2 = a^2(-1) = -a^2

Examples

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 12: Complex Numbers

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 12.1: Numbers, Numbers, and More Numbers!

  2. Lesson 2Current

    Lesson 12.2: Imaginary Numbers

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 12.3: Complex Numbers