Lesson 1: The Renaissance Begins

Key Idea

Around 1350, a new age called the Renaissance, or "rebirth," began in Italy. Bustling trade had made Italian city-states very wealthy. Powerful merchant families had extra money and became patrons, paying talented artists and thinkers to create amazing new works.

This support for art and learning sparked a new way of thinking called humanism. Instead of focusing only on religion, people became fascinated with human achievements and the "classical" ideas of ancient Greece and Rome. Artists and writers began to celebrate the world and human potential in their work.

Key Idea

During the late Middle Ages, Italy was not a single country. Instead, it was a collection of independent Italian city-states. Powerful cities like Florence and Venice governed themselves and the surrounding lands. They grew incredibly wealthy from trade with the East and from banking.

These city-states were often rivals, competing for fame and influence. Rulers and rich merchant families showed off their power by spending vast sums of money on art and architecture. This competition to create the most beautiful city helped make Italy the center of the Renaissance.

Key Idea

As Italian city-states grew wealthy, scholars rediscovered ancient Greek and Roman writings. These classical texts sparked a new way of thinking called Humanism. This philosophy encouraged people to find a balance between their religious faith and a new interest in the world around them.

Humanists celebrated human potential and achievement. This focus on individualism meant a person's talents became more important than their social class. Thinkers and artists began to explore the possibilities of life on Earth, not just prepare for the afterlife.