Learn on PengiAmerica: History of Our NationChapter 1: Roots of the American People (Prehistory-1500)

Lesson 1: The Earliest Americans

In this Grade 8 lesson from America: History of Our Nation, students examine how the first people may have migrated to the Americas from Asia, exploring both the land-bridge theory and the coastal-route theory. Students also learn how early hunters transitioned to farming through techniques like irrigation, which led to surplus food production and the growth of complex societies. The lesson concludes with an introduction to the civilizations of the Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas as examples of advanced Native American cultures.

Section 1

Early Humans Cross Land Bridge to America

Between 20,000-30,000 years ago, hunters from Asia likely crossed a land bridge created by glaciers to reach North America, gradually spreading throughout the Americas over thousands of years.

Section 2

Hunter-Gatherers Develop Farming Techniques

As large game animals disappeared, early Americans began growing food plants about 8,000 years ago. They developed irrigation methods and animal husbandry, leading to food surpluses, population growth, and trade.

Section 3

Mayas Build Advanced Cities and Scientific Knowledge

Between 250-900 CE, Mayas constructed magnificent cities with pyramids and temples. They developed written language, accurate calendars, and astronomy before mysteriously abandoning their cities around 900 CE.

Section 4

Aztecs Create Powerful Empire Around Tenochtitlan

Aztecs built their capital on lake islands, with floating crop platforms and stone roadways. Their empire controlled half of modern Mexico, but harsh rule created resentment among conquered peoples.

Section 5

Incas Connect Vast Empire Through Engineering

Incas created South America's largest empire, connecting their capital Cuzco to distant regions via an impressive road network. Their engineers constructed precise stone buildings, field walls, canals, and canyon bridges.

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Chapter 1: Roots of the American People (Prehistory-1500)

  1. Lesson 1Current

    Lesson 1: The Earliest Americans

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 2: Cultures of North America

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Trade Networks of Asia and Africa

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 4: The European Heritage

Lesson overview

Expand to review the lesson summary and core properties.

Expand

Section 1

Early Humans Cross Land Bridge to America

Between 20,000-30,000 years ago, hunters from Asia likely crossed a land bridge created by glaciers to reach North America, gradually spreading throughout the Americas over thousands of years.

Section 2

Hunter-Gatherers Develop Farming Techniques

As large game animals disappeared, early Americans began growing food plants about 8,000 years ago. They developed irrigation methods and animal husbandry, leading to food surpluses, population growth, and trade.

Section 3

Mayas Build Advanced Cities and Scientific Knowledge

Between 250-900 CE, Mayas constructed magnificent cities with pyramids and temples. They developed written language, accurate calendars, and astronomy before mysteriously abandoning their cities around 900 CE.

Section 4

Aztecs Create Powerful Empire Around Tenochtitlan

Aztecs built their capital on lake islands, with floating crop platforms and stone roadways. Their empire controlled half of modern Mexico, but harsh rule created resentment among conquered peoples.

Section 5

Incas Connect Vast Empire Through Engineering

Incas created South America's largest empire, connecting their capital Cuzco to distant regions via an impressive road network. Their engineers constructed precise stone buildings, field walls, canals, and canyon bridges.

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 1: Roots of the American People (Prehistory-1500)

  1. Lesson 1Current

    Lesson 1: The Earliest Americans

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 2: Cultures of North America

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Trade Networks of Asia and Africa

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 4: The European Heritage