Learn on PengiWorld History and GeographyChapter 3: Early Empires in the Ancient Near East, c. 2300 B.C.–c. 300 B.C.

Lesson 1: Akkad and Babylon

In this Grade 5 World History and Geography lesson, students explore the rise and fall of the Akkadian and Babylonian empires, examining how Sargon established the first empire in world history and how Hammurabi codified laws through his famous Code of Hammurabi. Students compare key concepts such as empire-building, military governance, and the patriarchal social structures of ancient Mesopotamia. The lesson builds critical thinking skills by analyzing how empires are created, maintained, and ultimately collapse.

Section 1

Sargon Creates the First Empire in History

Around 2340 BCE, Akkadian leader Sargon conquered Sumerian city-states to establish the world's first empire, controlling Mesopotamia and lands to the Mediterranean with a powerful military force.

Section 2

Hammurabi Unites Mesopotamia Under Babylon

King Hammurabi conquered Sumer and Akkad in 1792 BCE, establishing a new Mesopotamian kingdom with Babylon as its capital, though the empire collapsed shortly after his death in 1750 BCE.

Section 3

Hammurabi's Code Establishes Strict Justice System

Hammurabi created a comprehensive law code based on strict justice, with penalties varying by social class. The code regulated everything from consumer protection to family relationships in the patriarchal society.

Section 4

Empires Rise and Fall Through Conquest and Governance

Both the Akkadian and Babylonian empires expanded through military conquest but faced challenges maintaining control. Strong central leadership proved essential, as empires collapsed when successors couldn't maintain authority.

Book overview

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Chapter 3: Early Empires in the Ancient Near East, c. 2300 B.C.–c. 300 B.C.

  1. Lesson 1Current

    Lesson 1: Akkad and Babylon

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 2: Egypt and Kush

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Assyria and Persia

Lesson overview

Expand to review the lesson summary and core properties.

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Section 1

Sargon Creates the First Empire in History

Around 2340 BCE, Akkadian leader Sargon conquered Sumerian city-states to establish the world's first empire, controlling Mesopotamia and lands to the Mediterranean with a powerful military force.

Section 2

Hammurabi Unites Mesopotamia Under Babylon

King Hammurabi conquered Sumer and Akkad in 1792 BCE, establishing a new Mesopotamian kingdom with Babylon as its capital, though the empire collapsed shortly after his death in 1750 BCE.

Section 3

Hammurabi's Code Establishes Strict Justice System

Hammurabi created a comprehensive law code based on strict justice, with penalties varying by social class. The code regulated everything from consumer protection to family relationships in the patriarchal society.

Section 4

Empires Rise and Fall Through Conquest and Governance

Both the Akkadian and Babylonian empires expanded through military conquest but faced challenges maintaining control. Strong central leadership proved essential, as empires collapsed when successors couldn't maintain authority.

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 3: Early Empires in the Ancient Near East, c. 2300 B.C.–c. 300 B.C.

  1. Lesson 1Current

    Lesson 1: Akkad and Babylon

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 2: Egypt and Kush

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Assyria and Persia