1. What was the most significant long-term consequence of the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?
- A. The immediate shutdown of all garment factories in New York City.
- B. The establishment of a national minimum wage for all industrial workers.
- C. The creation of new legislation designed to improve workplace safety.
- D. A successful nationwide strike led by Mother Jones for a 40-hour work week.
2. What specific factor contributed most directly to the high number of deaths among the nearly 150 female workers in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?
- A. The building's fire escape collapsed under the weight of the workers.
- B. The fire department's water hoses could not reach the upper floors.
- C. Exit doors were locked, which prevented many workers from escaping.
- D. The factory had no fire alarm system to warn the workers of the danger.
3. According to the text, which two industries were major employers of women and children who faced extremely low wages and dangerous conditions?
- A. Railroad construction and coal mining
- B. Textile mills and garment factories
- C. Steel manufacturing and shipbuilding
- D. Meatpacking and automotive assembly
4. The activism of labor organizer Mother Jones was particularly focused on demanding better treatment for which group?
- A. Families and child laborers
- B. Union leaders accused of corruption
- C. Immigrant steelworkers in Pennsylvania
- D. Elderly and retired factory workers
5. How did the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire act as a catalyst for the women's labor movement?
- A. It resulted in factory owners voluntarily increasing wages to avoid public backlash.
- B. It proved that women were not suited for industrial work, leading to their removal from factories.
- C. It horrified the public and created widespread political will for new factory safety regulations.
- D. It led to the arrest and prosecution of prominent labor leaders like Mother Jones for inciting riots.
6. In the context of late 19th-century labor disputes, what was the primary purpose of a union calling for a strike?
- A. To seize ownership of the factory from the business owners.
- B. To pressure employers into meeting worker demands by halting production.
- C. To elect new company management that was more favorable to workers.
- D. To create a public relations campaign to damage the company's reputation.
7. The Haymarket Riot and the Homestead Strike are mentioned as significant historical examples of what trend?
- A. Labor negotiations that were resolved peacefully and quickly.
- B. Strikes where the federal government immediately sided with the workers.
- C. Major labor disputes that escalated into deadly violence.
- D. Instances where factory owners and unions formed successful partnerships.
8. According to the text, the presence of strikebreakers often led to what outcome?
- A. Immediate negotiations.
- B. Higher wages for all workers.
- C. Tense and violent confrontations.
- D. Positive media coverage for the union.
9. Which of the following best describes the general relationship between unions and factory owners during this period?
- A. Cooperative and mutually beneficial.
- B. Adversarial and frequently hostile.
- C. Overseen and regulated by the government.
- D. Peaceful and based on compromise.
10. How did factory owners often attempt to counteract the effectiveness of a strike?
- A. By offering bonuses to the striking workers.
- B. By hiring replacement workers known as strikebreakers.
- C. By immediately agreeing to all union demands.
- D. By closing the factory and moving it to another city.