The Ottoman Empire was founded near the end of the 13th century by which group of people?

Arabian nomads from the first caliphate

Mongol tribes led by descendants of Genghis Khan

Turks from Anatolia led by Osman I

The Ottoman Empire, which was primarily Sunni Muslim, often engaged in military conflict with the neighboring Safavid Empire for what main reason?

The Safavids were Shi'ah Muslims, a rival branch of Islam.

The Safavids controlled essential trade routes across the Atlantic Ocean.

The Safavids allied themselves with the Byzantine Empire against the Ottomans.

The Safavids attempted to conquer Ottoman territories in North Africa.

The Ottoman Empire's expansion into southeastern Europe led directly to increased conflict and new connections with which major group?

Mongol tribes from Central Asia

From the Crusades to New Muslim Empires Practice — Grade 7 history

Lesson 4: From the Crusades to New Muslim Empires — Practice Questions

1. The Ottoman Empire was founded near the end of the 13th century by which group of people?
- A. Arabian nomads from the first caliphate
- B. Mongol tribes led by descendants of Genghis Khan
- C. Mamluk rulers from Egypt
- D. Turks from Anatolia led by Osman I
2. The Ottoman Empire, which was primarily Sunni Muslim, often engaged in military conflict with the neighboring Safavid Empire for what main reason?
- A. The Safavids were Shi'ah Muslims, a rival branch of Islam.
- B. The Safavids controlled essential trade routes across the Atlantic Ocean.
- C. The Safavids allied themselves with the Byzantine Empire against the Ottomans.
- D. The Safavids attempted to conquer Ottoman territories in North Africa.
3. The Ottoman system that allowed religious communities like Christians and Jews to govern themselves according to their own laws was known as the:
- A. devshirme system
- B. millet system
- C. caliphate system
- D. Reconquista
4. The Ottoman Empire's expansion into southeastern Europe led directly to increased conflict and new connections with which major group?
- A. The Mughal Empire of India
- B. Christian kingdoms of Europe
- C. Mongol tribes from Central Asia
- D. West African merchants
5. The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453 was a major historical turning point because it marked the end of which long-standing empire?
- A. The Roman Empire
- B. The Byzantine Empire
- C. The Mongol Empire
- D. The Persian Empire
6. In 1095, Pope Urban II called for a crusade with the primary goal of freeing the Holy Land from whose control?
- A. The Byzantine Emperors
- B. The Seljuk Turks
- C. The Persian Empire
- D. The North African caliphates
7. What powerful spiritual reward did Pope Urban II promise to Christians who agreed to fight in the holy war?
- A. Guaranteed entry directly into heaven upon death
- B. The forgiveness of all their past sins
- C. Special titles and honors from the Church leadership
- D. A lifetime of protection from all earthly harm
8. While many joined the Crusades for religious reasons, what was another major motivation for some participants?
- A. The desire for adventure and personal wealth
- B. The chance to learn a new trade or skill
- C. The duty to serve in the Pope's personal army
- D. The hope of establishing a democratic government
9. The main objective of the holy war called for by Pope Urban II was the recapture of which city?
- A. Constantinople
- B. Rome
- C. Jerusalem
- D. Antioch
10. How did Pope Urban II justify the call for the First Crusade to European Christians?
- A. By claiming it was a mission to explore new lands for settlement.
- B. By framing it as a necessary war to protect Christian pilgrims.
- C. By promising them leadership positions in a new eastern kingdom.
- D. By describing it as a way to punish the Byzantine Empire.