1. What is the primary purpose of using scientific reasoning in a final engineering proposal?
- A. To list the project's budget and timeline.
- B. To defend design choices with objective evidence.
- C. To share the team's personal satisfaction with the result.
- D. To create a marketing brochure for the final product.
2. Which statement best demonstrates the use of quantitative evidence in an engineering justification?
- A. The new alloy is significantly stronger than the old one.
- B. Our tests showed the new alloy withstands 150% more force before deforming.
- C. We feel confident that the new alloy is the best choice for this application.
- D. The new alloy is a high-tech material that will improve the product's quality.
3. A team is proposing a new container to keep food warm. Which statement provides the strongest scientific justification for their design?
- A. An informal survey showed that potential customers liked the design concept.
- B. Test results show the internal temperature dropped only 5°C over 2 hours.
- C. The container feels very sturdy and well-built compared to competitors.
- D. The container is aesthetically pleasing and comes in multiple colors.
4. If an engineer's proposal for a new medical device only claims the design is 'highly effective' without presenting any test data, what is the most probable reaction from stakeholders?
- A. They will approve it based on the engineer's reputation.
- B. They will reject it for lacking sufficient proof.
- C. They will ask for a more colorful presentation.
- D. They will assume the data is confidential and approve it.
5. An engineer is comparing two PCMs for a baby incubator. PCM-A has a 4-hour temperature plateau. PCM-B has a 6-hour plateau but costs 20% more. Choosing PCM-B represents a direct trade-off between which two factors?
- A. Product color and product weight.
- B. Manufacturing speed and material availability.
- C. Increased performance and higher project cost.
- D. Ease of use and the product's final appearance.
6. In iterative testing, why is it critical to change only one variable at a time?
- A. To isolate the effect of the change.
- B. To make the entire design process move much more quickly.
- C. To ensure the final design is the most aesthetically pleasing option.
- D. To reduce the complexity of the final written report for stakeholders.
7. An engineer increases the amount of insulation in a cooler design to improve its ability to stay cold. What is the most probable trade-off for this change?
- A. The cooler will become significantly lighter and easier to carry.
- B. The cooler's cost and weight will likely increase.
- C. The manufacturing process will become much simpler and faster.
- D. The cooler's internal storage capacity will automatically increase.
8. Which of the following best describes the process of iterative optimization?
- A. A single, flawless initial design plan.
- B. A cycle of testing and gradual refinement.
- C. Guessing the best design based on opinion.
- D. A process focused exclusively on reducing production cost above all else.
9. What is the primary purpose of iterative testing in the engineering design process?
- A. To select the cheapest materials available for construction.
- B. To systematically refine a design by making and evaluating a series of small, controlled changes.
- C. To prove that the initial design idea was the best possible one from the start.
- D. To finalize the entire design and all its features in a single, comprehensive attempt.
10. An engineering team is designing a portable cooler. Their first prototype is excellent at keeping things cold but is too heavy. According to the principle of iterative optimization, what should be their next step?
- A. Abandon the design and start over with a completely new concept since the first one failed.
- B. Market the current design to customers who do not care about weight or portability.
- C. Test a modification, such as using a different, lighter insulation, and measure its effect on weight, cost, and heat retention.
- D. Focus only on making it lighter in the next prototype, ignoring the temperature performance for now.