1. According to the Force-Velocity Model, what is the direct relationship between the force applied to an object and its change in velocity?
- A. An applied force is inversely proportional to an object's change in velocity.
- B. An applied force is directly proportional to an object's change in velocity.
- C. An applied force has no relationship to an object's change in velocity.
- D. An applied force only affects velocity if the object is already at rest.
2. A toy car is pushed with the same initial speed across a carpet and then across a smooth wooden floor. On which surface will the car experience a greater deceleration, and why?
- A. The wooden floor, because its smooth surface allows for a more rapid change in velocity.
- B. The carpet, because the higher friction it creates exerts a stronger opposing force on the car.
- C. Both surfaces, because the car's initial speed was the same in both trials.
- D. The wooden floor, because lower friction means the car's velocity must change more quickly to stop.
3. A scientist wants to design an experiment to stop a rolling ball as quickly as possible using only the surface it rolls on. According to the Force-Velocity Model, what kind of surface should they choose?
- A. A surface that applies a strong opposing force, such as coarse sandpaper.
- B. A very smooth surface like ice to allow the ball to stop on its own.
- C. A heavy surface, because the surface's mass will absorb the ball's energy.
- D. A surface with a very low coefficient of friction to prevent the ball from skidding.
4. If you double the strength of a constant braking force applied to a moving object, how will this affect its deceleration?
- A. The deceleration will be halved.
- B. The deceleration will remain the same.
- C. The deceleration will also double.
- D. The deceleration will become four times greater.
5. A cart rolling on a very slippery, polished concrete floor takes a long time to slow down. Based on the Force-Velocity Model, what is the best explanation for this observation?
- A. The polished surface applied a strong forward force, keeping the cart moving.
- B. The cart's initial push was too strong for friction to have any effect.
- C. The cart did not have enough mass to create a significant stopping force.
- D. The weak friction force from the slippery surface resulted in a very small deceleration.
6. In a scenario where a moving car fails to stop before a cliff edge, what is the fundamental reason for the crash?
- A. The car's velocity was too high for the driver to react.
- B. The stopping distance required exceeded the available space.
- C. The force of gravity was stronger than the force of friction.
- D. The car's mass was too great for the brakes to function.
7. The conclusion that the "set design, not the car, was flawed" implies that the primary issue was related to what?
- A. The environmental conditions and physical limits.
- B. A mechanical failure within the car's engine or brakes.
- C. An error made by the person operating the car.
- D. The car's color and aerodynamic shape.
8. Besides increasing the distance to the cliff, how could the stopping distance of the car itself be reduced?
- A. By decreasing the friction.
- B. By increasing the force of friction.
- C. By adding more weight to the car.
- D. By starting the car at a higher speed.
9. How would a car's stopping distance be affected if the surface provided strong friction instead of faint friction, assuming all other factors are equal?
- A. The stopping distance would be shorter.
- B. The stopping distance would be longer.
- C. The stopping distance would not change.
- D. The stopping distance would become unpredictable.
10. What was the primary effect of the "faint friction" acting on the car as it moved toward the cliff?
- A. It increased the car's speed.
- B. It caused the car to gradually slow down.
- C. It had no effect on the car's motion.
- D. It pushed the car sideways off its path.