1. When union members refused to work until their demands for higher wages or better conditions were met, what was this tactic called?
- A. A lockdown
- B. A negotiation
- C. A strike
- D. A petition
2. What was the primary cause that led factory workers in the North to begin organizing into unions?
- A. They were required by the government to form official groups.
- B. They wanted to take over ownership of the factories.
- C. They were responding to long workdays and unsafe conditions.
- D. They hoped to compete with workers in other countries.
3. Trade unions in the early 1800s were typically formed by which group of people?
- A. Factory owners wanting to set industry standards
- B. All workers in a single factory, regardless of their job
- C. Workers who shared the same specific skill or trade
- D. Government officials who inspected factory conditions
4. What important legal change occurred for workers in Massachusetts in 1842?
- A. The workday was legally limited to 10 hours.
- B. Child labor was officially outlawed in all factories.
- C. Workers gained the legal right to go on strike.
- D. Women were guaranteed pay equal to that of men.
5. Why was joining a trade union often more effective for a worker than acting alone?
- A. Unions were funded by wealthy factory owners.
- B. Acting as a group gave workers more influence and power.
- C. Individual complaints were against the law in most states.
- D. Union members received special protection from the police.
6. What was the most significant 'pull factor' drawing millions of European immigrants to the United States during the industrial growth of the mid-1800s?
- A. The pleasant climate in the northern states
- B. The growing demand for workers in factories
- C. Free passage offered by shipping companies
- D. Established communities of artisans from their home countries
7. In the 1840s, what crisis in Ireland was the main reason millions of its citizens emigrated to the United States?
- A. A series of failed political revolutions
- B. A widespread failure of the potato crop
- C. A war with neighboring European countries
- D. A law that required all citizens to work in factories
8. After 1848, what political situation in the German states acted as a major 'push factor' for emigration to the United States?
- A. A successful revolution that established a monarchy and caused widespread instability
- B. The failure of democratic uprisings
- C. A long and costly war with Great Britain over trade routes
- D. The implementation of new laws that outlawed farming
9. How did industrialization in the United States contribute to a rise in immigration in the mid-1800s?
- A. It created a large number of factory jobs that attracted laborers.
- B. It led to laws that offered free land to all new immigrants.
- C. It made travel by steamship safer and more affordable for everyone.
- D. It decreased the need for farm workers, pushing people to cities.
10. A family leaves their home country due to a lack of jobs and moves to the United States where new factories are hiring. This situation illustrates which historical concept?
- A. Nativism and discrimination
- B. The labor reform movement
- C. Push and pull factors
- D. Westward expansion