1. Besides using his military, how did Frederick the Great work to strengthen the kingdom of Prussia internally?
- A. By outlawing all religions except for one.
- B. By making the government more efficient and improving farming.
- C. By selling large territories to neighboring countries for profit.
- D. By reducing the size of the army to lower state expenses.
2. What key resource did Frederick the Great inherit that enabled him to pursue his policy of aggressive territorial expansion?
- A. A large treasury filled with gold from colonies.
- B. A powerful and well-trained army.
- C. A series of strong defensive forts along the border.
- D. A long-standing alliance with the Russian empire.
3. The Prussian invasion of the Austrian province of Silesia directly led to which of the following outcomes?
- A. A new, long-lasting rivalry between Prussia and Austria.
- B. Austria willingly giving up all of its German-speaking lands.
- C. The formation of a military pact between Prussia and Austria.
- D. The complete dismantling of the Prussian army by Austrian forces.
4. Which statement best describes the two main strategies Frederick the Great used to elevate Prussia to a major European power?
- A. He relied exclusively on diplomatic alliances with France and Russia to gain influence.
- B. He used both military force to seize territory and domestic reforms to strengthen the state internally.
- C. He focused only on building a strong navy and creating overseas colonies for trade.
- D. He avoided all conflict and focused his efforts entirely on economic and agricultural improvements at home.
5. Which of the following was a domestic reform introduced by Frederick the Great to improve Prussian society?
- A. Requiring all citizens to work for the government.
- B. Increasing taxes on farmers to fund palace construction.
- C. Granting a greater degree of religious freedom.
- D. Closing down all local governments to centralize power.
6. What was a primary motivation behind Peter the Great's extensive reforms in Russia?
- A. To fulfill an ancient prophecy about a great Russian leader
- B. To strengthen Russia so it could compete with Western European nations
- C. To completely dismantle the system of serfdom which he believed was immoral
- D. To conquer all of Eastern Europe and unite it under a single ruler
7. The construction of St. Petersburg was strategically important for Russia primarily because it provided...
- A. a new capital city located in the geographic center of the country.
- B. a major port for trade with Western Europe.
- C. a defensive fortress to protect against invasions from the south.
- D. a place for Russian nobles to live, isolated from the tsar's court.
8. Which action by Peter the Great is an example of his effort to change Russian culture to be more like Western Europe?
- A. He required nobles to shave their traditional beards.
- B. He gave more land and political power to the boyars.
- C. He moved the capital from Moscow to a city in Siberia.
- D. He successfully outlawed the practice of serfdom across the empire.
9. To transform Russia into a major military force, what key institutions did Peter the Great create and fund?
- A. A system of temporary citizen soldiers for defense
- B. Alliances with every neighboring country to ensure peace
- C. A professional army and a modern navy
- D. A policy of hiring foreign mercenary armies to fight all of Russia's wars
10. Which of the following was an economic reform introduced by Peter the Great to modernize Russia?
- A. The development of mining and textile industries
- B. The elimination of all taxes on farmers and merchants
- C. The sale of Russian land to foreign investors
- D. The breaking up of large estates into smaller farms