1. Who was the founder of the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
- A. Eugene V. Debs
- B. Samuel Gompers
- C. Andrew Carnegie
- D. Terence V. Powderly
2. Which of the following best describes the main goals of the AFL under Samuel Gompers?
- A. Radical political revolution and government ownership of factories
- B. Practical improvements such as higher wages and safer conditions
- C. The abolition of all private corporations
- D. Establishing a nationwide system of worker-owned cooperatives
3. What were the two main tactics used by the AFL to achieve its objectives?
- A. Political lobbying and running for office
- B. Public protests and widespread boycotts
- C. Strikes and collective bargaining
- D. Sabotage and factory seizures
4. How did the AFL's focus on skilled workers give it an advantage in negotiations?
- A. Skilled workers were paid less and were therefore more motivated to strike.
- B. There were more skilled workers than unskilled workers in the country.
- C. Skilled workers were more difficult for employers to replace during a strike.
- D. Skilled workers were legally given more rights to unionize than other workers.
5. What was the primary reason the American Federation of Labor (AFL) was established?
- A. To overthrow the capitalist system in the United States
- B. To create a single, large union for all industrial and agricultural workers
- C. To give individual workers more collective power as large corporations grew
- D. To directly fund political candidates for national office
6. The protest at Haymarket Square in 1886, which preceded the riot, was organized primarily to advocate for what specific labor reform?
- A. An increase in the minimum wage for factory workers
- B. The establishment of an eight-hour workday
- C. The right to collective bargaining for all industries
- D. Improved safety regulations in industrial workplaces
7. The Haymarket Riot, a pivotal event in American labor history, occurred in which city in 1886?
- A. New York City
- B. Pittsburgh
- C. Chicago
- D. Boston
8. How did employers respond to labor activism in the wake of the Haymarket Riot?
- A. They became more willing to negotiate with union leaders to avoid conflict.
- B. They increased their use of harsh measures to suppress strikes.
- C. They sought government intervention to mediate labor disputes peacefully.
- D. They offered workers an eight-hour day to prevent future protests.
9. While radical anarchists were officially blamed for the bombing at Haymarket Square, the public's negative reaction was directed more broadly toward whom?
- A. The Chicago police department
- B. The entire labor movement
- C. The owners of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company
- D. Recent immigrant communities in Chicago
10. What specific act of violence occurred during the 1886 protest in Haymarket Square that led to the deaths of police officers?
- A. The arrival of federal troops who fired on the crowd
- B. A speech given by a radical leader calling for revolution
- C. The explosion of a bomb
- D. A fire that broke out in a nearby factory building